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Air Transport Network
Air transport network or air transportation network (ATN) is an example of transport networks and spatial networks. The nodes of the network are the airports and the links represent direct flight routes between two airports.〔M. Barthelemy, "Spatial Networks", Physics Reports 499:1-101 (2011) (http://arxiv.org/abs/1010.0302 ).〕 Alternatively, cities can be considered as the nodes with links representing direct flight connection between them. Air transport networks can be defined world-wide as well as for one region or for one airline company; the scale of the network can be global or domestic.
==Properties of air transport networks==
The graph of an air transport network is spatial but not a planar graph. The air transportation network is a complex network which has the properties of small-world networks and scale-free networks.〔R. Guimera, S. Mossa, A. Turtschi and L. A. N. Amaral, "The world-wide air transportation network: Anomalous centrality, community structure, and cities' global roles", Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 102:7794-7799 (2005) (http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0312535v2.pdf).〕〔R. Guimera and L. A. N. Amaral, "Modeling the world-wide airport network", European Physical Journal B 38:381–385 (2004) (http://seeslab.info/media/filer_public/33/53/3353accf-b7af-4828-8ea1-61222e1b2dcb/guimera-2004-eurphysjb-38-381.pdf).〕 The degree distribution of the nodes displays a heavy-tailed distribution. The hubs of the network have large connectivities and long-distance connectivities at the same time.
An anomalous property of the air transport networks is that nodes with relatively low degrees may have very high betweenness centrality. It is an important observation related to the robustness of complex networks. According to this finding the critical points of the system are not necessarily the hubs, but some other cities which uniquely provides routes to certain regions.〔R. Guimera, S. Mossa, A. Turtschi and L. A. N. Amaral, "The world-wide air transportation network: Anomalous centrality, community structure, and cities' global roles", Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 102:7794-7799 (2005) (http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0312535v2.pdf).〕〔O. Lordan, J. M. Sallan, P. Simo and D. Gonzales-Prieto, "Robustness of the air transport network", Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 68:155-163 (2014) ( http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1366554514000805).〕 For example, Alaska can be easily isolated from the other parts of the world-wide air transport network.
The world-wide air transport network defines communities. These communities are mainly determined by geographical factors. However, in some cases the borders of the communities are different from the borders of geographic regions. Such an example is the community of Europe and Asian Russia.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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